BEACON & Historical Heritage (中文) 

西安事變- 張學良的書信和正確歷史紀錄                                  Posted: 1/8/2024


1936年的張學良的書信、歷史紀錄和真相終於還給了蔣公（蔣中正總統）公道。


張學良是個不學無術、無能、無知、無德、無恥之徒，卻又是個貪權貪利貪名的機會主義者。先主動易幟以換取軍權，再背叛與蔣公的「兄弟之情」主動加入中國共產黨，計劃滅亡中華民國，並謀殺67位保護蔣公的侍衞軍及蔣公的書信在近90年後，終於証實正確史實。


張學良知道他造成中華民國的命運，他協助中共引進日本帝國，殘害殺死了約四千萬無辜百姓，成為毛澤東禍國殃民謀殺至少比日本人殺死的人數2倍以上的工具，中共一手遮天並且將歷史駡名甩鍋給蔣公。


現在的民進黨和1920年代殘殺中華民國的日本帝國是有「臍帶關係」的，他們比在1930年代的中國共產黨更會製造假文宣、詐騙、洗腦、鬥爭、政治謀殺、…。


等到中華民國被民進黨正式滅亡之後，後人就會看到台灣民進黨（實為日本民進黨）是如何複製日本殘絕人寰、中共的陰險狡詐淫亂，但只有過之而無不及。


很高興看到這麼年輕美麗的主持人，「薇羽看世間」！

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R6L0N-9MNc8


__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Modern Chinese History and Cultural-Social-Economical Change from 1911 to 21th Century--Democracy Defender and Protector--President Chiang Kai-Shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975)                                                                                                              By Dr. Trudy, 2/20/2019

Modern Chinese history and cultural/social/economical transformation after the end of Ching Dynasty is complex, chaotic, and difficult to record and to understand.  However, it appears that this confusing era is/was intertwined with an individual’s landmarks of life.  This individual's name is Chiang Kai-Shek.   In order to understand modern Chinese history and cultural/social/economical changes in the 20th Century, this article provides a simple but truthful frame work and timelines for global readers. 

President Chiang Kai-shek also known as Generalissimo Chiang, President Chiang, Chiang Chieh-shih or Jiang Jieshi.  Chiang Kai-shek is a leader of the 20th century and has far-reaching influence on China's modern history, world peace after the Second World War, and the development of East Asian history.  His heroic deeds and great achievements have been twisted and smeared incorrectly for more than 5 decades. 

The following simplified seven periods shall shed light unto the misinterpreted but unprecedented era and the leading role.

1. China's Modern History Period: China's Late Qing Dynasty, War Lords, and the Beginning of Republic of China, a.k.a. ROC (1911 - 1936)

It was the darkest and the most chaotic era while thousand-year ancient Chinese monarchy was revolutionized and transformed into a western democratic constitutional system in China during the turn of the 20th century. 

General /President Chiang (Age 39-41) led the Huang-Pu Military Forces and defeated war lords in Northern Civil War (1926-1928) and united China. 

Chiang (Age 24-49) was the prominent political and military leader, strategist, and stabilizing force.

2. The 2nd Sino-Japanese War (1937 - 1945)

Japan invaded fledgling and struggling China after 25-year political, economical and military adjustment period.  General/President Chiang Kai-Shek (Age 50-58 ) led the Chinese military forces to fight Japanese imperial military forces courageously for the bloodiest and deadliest 8-year-long war in the Chinese history. 

The Nanjing Massacre (raped, buried alive and killed 300,000 Chinese civilians), which began on December 13, 1937, was one of the climaxes of Japanese atrocities and war crime committed in China and Asia.  Chiang and his military forces won the final victory in 1945. 

Chiang was the Commander-in-Chief in China and Asia and he accepted the unconditional surrender from Japan on August 15, 1945.  Taiwan and Peng-Hu islands returned back to China’s territory, officially ended Japanese 50-year-long abusive colonization over Taiwan and Peng-Hu islands (1895-1945).  After Chiang Kai-Shek defeated Japan, he was greeted as a great hero and affectionately admired by the people of Taiwan and Peng-Hu. 

3. World War II (1939 - 1945)

Among Allied (China, USA, Britain, Russia), China is the only victorious country in Asia. Chiang Kai-Shek (Age 52-58) is the supreme commander of China, Asian, European Theaters who won the victory of WWII, Asian theater, Normandy Invasion and the China-Burma-India war zone. 

ROC military led by Chiang defended and protected Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, and India areas from Japanese military attacked before 1945.

In March 1942, Chiang sent the fiercest military forces to Burma to rescue more than seven thousand (7000+) British soldiers defeated by Japanese force in Feb.

1942, and convinced Gandhi to allow British soldiers to be rescued by ROC military force and later on retreated safely through India. 

The military forces and civilians following Chiang's leadership were able to detain more than one million Japanese forces in China and Pacific Theater so that Japanese force was not able to join the force with Hitler in European theater.  Otherwise, the outcome of the European Theater of WWII would be different.

Chiang Kai-shek is/was a world-class hero and leader. He should have received the highest respect by the historians, experts, and leaders around the world. China (ROC) became a global power and a founding member of Security Council of the United Nations with veto power.

4. Unwavering Defender and Protector of Taiwan, Asia, and Southeast Asia

After 8-year war with Japan and WWII, Chiang's military has lost more than 2 million officers and soldiers in his military force.  With Russian's military support to Chinese Communistic Party, Mao started civil war from 1945-1949 with war-fatigue Chiang's military forces.

After the defeat with Chinese Communistic Party from 1945-1949, Mao occupied Mainland China while President Chiang chose not to lose more military forces. 

President Chiang Kai-Shek (Age 60-98) and the Republic of China retreated to Taiwan in 1949. 

October 24, 1949, 100,000 Chinese Communistic Liberation Army attacked Kinmen (Golden Gate Island) and determined to occupy Kinmen.  After 3-day bloody combat, Communistic Liberation Army was defeated by 20,000 Chiang's military led by General Li, Liang Rong and General Hu, Lian.  President Chiang was 62 years old in 1949.

On August 23, 1958, Chinese Communistic Party bombarded Kinmen with 57,000 shells within 2 hours.  Kinmen is a 15.5-square-kilometer island but it is/was the throat (or entry pathway) to Taiwan and Southeast Asia.  President Chiang was 71 years old.

From August 23, 1958 to 1979, Kinmen was under constant bombardment every other day for 21 years.  President Chiang was 71-88 years old.

The bombardment stopped after Chinese Communistic Party established diplomatic relationship with United States in 1979.  President Chiang passed away in 1975 and Taiwan was still under Communistic Party's attack four more years.

5. The Impact of Chinese Communistic Party Occupied Mainland China

On Oct. 1, 1949, the Chinese Communism Party, led by Mao Zedong, declared the establishment of People’s Republic of China. 

After 1949, there are small ROC military refugee villages in northern Thailand called "Orphans of Asia”.

With the support of Russian and Chinese Communistic Parties, North Korean Communistic Military started Korean War in 1950.

With the support of Russian and Chinese Communistic Parties, North Vietnam Communistic Military started Vietnam War in 1955.  In 1975, the Fall of Saigon started the Vietnam refugees (boat people) drifting on the seas. 

6. "Taiwan's Political and Economic Miracle" "Asia's Four Little Dragons" (1949- 1975)

During his ROC Presidency, he implemented Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s "Three People's Principles" and created “Taiwan's Political and Economic Miracle." 

Chiang selected talented statesmen to launch policies and improved education, economy, politics, culture and transportation, etc.  Chiang started 12-year basic education for all children, land reform for farmers, created special economic and export zones, etc.  Within 20 years, Republic of China in Taiwan manifested tremendous achievements.

7. Chiang Kai-shek passed away on 4/5/1975 in Taiwan.

Chiang served as President of the Republic of China, President of the Chinese Nationalist Party, and President of the Huang-Pu Military Academy.

Throughout his life, Chiang followed Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s doctrines, ROC’s Founding Father, sacrificed and devoted all his life to China, Taiwan, Asian, and the World.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Landmarks of Chiang Kai-Shek’s Life

October 31, 1887 - Born in Zhejiang Province, Fenghua County, China

Youth (before 20 years old) --The first phase of the National Army Accelerated School in Baoding

1907 (20 years old)--Join the China Alliance

1908 (21 years old)--Awarded to enter Japan Zhenwu Military Academy

1914 (27 years old)--Join China Revolutionary Party founded by Dr. Sun Yat-Sen, in 1914 in Tokyo, Japan. It was reorganized as the Chinese Nationalist Party on October 10, 1919

1917 (30 years old)--The establishment of Bei-Yang Government. Yuan Shi-Kai was self-declared as an Emperor in 1912-1917.

1924 (37 years old)—Establishing and creating the first Chinese military school,  Huang-Pu Military Academy, served as the first principal.

July 1926 (39 years old) –Served as the Commander-in-Chief and led the National Revolutionary Army to the Northern Expedition

June 1928 (41 years old) - Led the Huang-Pu Military Academy to successfully defeated the Bei-Yang Government (overthrown the Emperor Yuan).  Unification of China. President of the Republic of China

October 1930 (43 years old) - Baptized as a Christian

1937-1945 (50-58 years old)--Victory of 8-year-long Sino-Japan War.  

1938-1975 - President of the Chinese Nationalist Party

1945—China and Asia Commander-in-Chief and received Japanese unconditional surrender in August 15, 1945.  Taiwan, Peng-Hu under 50-year-long colonization of Japan were returned back to Republic of China.

1945-1949 (58-62 years old)--Civil War occurred, the Chinese People's Liberation Army supported by Russia and led by Mao occupied mainland China

1949 (62 years old)—Defeated Chinese Communistic 10,000 Military invasion unto Kinmen.  Chiang defended and protected ROC successfully.

1958-1979 (71 years-death)—Defeated Chinese Communistic non-stop bombardment unto Kinmen starting August 23, 1958 and ended in 1979. 

Chiang defended and protected ROC until his death in 1975.

1979 (4 years after Chiang’s death)—Chinese Communistic Party established diplomatic relationship with USA and stopped the bombardment unto Kinmen, the frontline of ROC, a modern and democratic China.

1949-1975 (62-88 years old)-- Chiang and the government and people of the Republic of China retreated to Taiwan, Peng-Hu, Kinmen, Mazu islands in 1949.  Chiang built and created "Taiwan's Political and Economic Miracles" and "Asian Four Little Dragons"

April 5, 1975 - President Chiang Kai-Shek of the Republic of China died in Taiwan.      

Notes:

1910-1945—Korea was occupied by Japan

1945—Russia occupied north part of Korea.   USA occupied south part of Korea.

1950--Korean War broke

1953--North and South Korea left in a stalemate (DMZ) as today

1955--Vietnam War 

1975--The Fall of Saigon

________________ End of the Article __________________

Modern Chinese History and Cultural-Social-Economical Change from 1911 to 21th Century--Democracy Defender and Protector--President Chiang Kai-Shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975)                                                                                                              By Dr. Trudy, 2/20/2019

Modern Chinese history and cultural/social/economical transformation after the end of Ching Dynasty is complex, chaotic, and difficult to record and to understand.  However, it appears that this confusing era is/was intertwined with an individual’s landmarks of life.  This individual's name is Chiang Kai-Shek.   In order to understand modern Chinese history and cultural/social/economical changes in the 20th Century, this article provides a simple but truthful frame work and timelines for global readers. 

President Chiang Kai-shek also known as Generalissimo Chiang, President Chiang, Chiang Chieh-shih or Jiang Jieshi.  Chiang Kai-shek is a leader of the 20th century and has far-reaching influence on China's modern history, world peace after the Second World War, and the development of East Asian history.  His heroic deeds and great achievements have been twisted and smeared incorrectly for more than 5 decades. 

The following simplified seven periods shall shed light unto the misinterpreted but unprecedented era and the leading role.

1. China's Modern History Period: China's Late Qing Dynasty, War Lords, and the Beginning of Republic of China, a.k.a. ROC (1911 - 1936)

It was the darkest and the most chaotic era while thousand-year ancient Chinese monarchy was revolutionized and transformed into a western democratic constitutional system in China during the turn of the 20th century. 

General /President Chiang (Age 39-41) led the Huang-Pu Military Forces and defeated war lords in Northern Civil War (1926-1928) and united China. 

Chiang (Age 24-49) was the prominent political and military leader, strategist, and stabilizing force.

2. The 2nd Sino-Japanese War (1937 - 1945)

Japan invaded fledgling and struggling China after 25-year political, economical and military adjustment period.  General/President Chiang Kai-Shek (Age 50-58 ) led the Chinese military forces to fight Japanese imperial military forces courageously for the bloodiest and deadliest 8-year-long war in the Chinese history. 

The Nanjing Massacre (raped, buried alive and killed 300,000 Chinese civilians), which began on December 13, 1937, was one of the climaxes of Japanese atrocities and war crime committed in China and Asia.  Chiang and his military forces won the final victory in 1945. 

Chiang was the Commander-in-Chief in China and Asia and he accepted the unconditional surrender from Japan on August 15, 1945.  Taiwan and Peng-Hu islands returned back to China’s territory, officially ended Japanese 50-year-long abusive colonization over Taiwan and Peng-Hu islands (1895-1945).  After Chiang Kai-Shek defeated Japan, he was greeted as a great hero and affectionately admired by the people of Taiwan and Peng-Hu. 

3. World War II (1939 - 1945)

Among Allied (China, USA, Britain, Russia), China is the only victorious country in Asia. Chiang Kai-Shek (Age 52-58) is the supreme commander of China, Asian, European Theaters who won the victory of WWII, Asian theater, Normandy Invasion and the China-Burma-India war zone. 

ROC military led by Chiang defended and protected Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, and India areas from Japanese military attacked before 1945.

In March 1942, Chiang sent the fiercest military forces to Burma to rescue more than seven thousand (7000+) British soldiers defeated by Japanese force in Feb.

1942, and convinced Gandhi to allow British soldiers to be rescued by ROC military force and later on retreated safely through India. 

The military forces and civilians following Chiang's leadership were able to detain more than one million Japanese forces in China and Pacific Theater so that Japanese force was not able to join the force with Hitler in European theater.  Otherwise, the outcome of the European Theater of WWII would be different.

Chiang Kai-shek is/was a world-class hero and leader. He should have received the highest respect by the historians, experts, and leaders around the world. China (ROC) became a global power and a founding member of Security Council of the United Nations with veto power.

4. Unwavering Defender and Protector of Taiwan, Asia, and Southeast Asia

After 8-year war with Japan and WWII, Chiang's military has lost more than 2 million officers and soldiers in his military force.  With Russian's military support to Chinese Communistic Party, Mao started civil war from 1945-1949 with war-fatigue Chiang's military forces.

After the defeat with Chinese Communistic Party from 1945-1949, Mao occupied Mainland China while President Chiang chose not to lose more military forces. 

President Chiang Kai-Shek (Age 60-98) and the Republic of China retreated to Taiwan in 1949. 

October 24, 1949, 100,000 Chinese Communistic Liberation Army attacked Kinmen (Golden Gate Island) and determined to occupy Kinmen.  After 3-day bloody combat, Communistic Liberation Army was defeated by 20,000 Chiang's military led by General Li, Liang Rong and General Hu, Lian.  President Chiang was 62 years old in 1949.

On August 23, 1958, Chinese Communistic Party bombarded Kinmen with 57,000 shells within 2 hours.  Kinmen is a 15.5-square-kilometer island but it is/was the throat (or entry pathway) to Taiwan and Southeast Asia.  President Chiang was 71 years old.

From August 23, 1958 to 1979, Kinmen was under constant bombardment every other day for 21 years.  President Chiang was 71-88 years old.

The bombardment stopped after Chinese Communistic Party established diplomatic relationship with United States in 1979.  President Chiang passed away in 1975 and Taiwan was still under Communistic Party's attack four more years.

5. The Impact of Chinese Communistic Party Occupied Mainland China

On Oct. 1, 1949, the Chinese Communism Party, led by Mao Zedong, declared the establishment of People’s Republic of China. 

After 1949, there are small ROC military refugee villages in northern Thailand called "Orphans of Asia”.

With the support of Russian and Chinese Communistic Parties, North Korean Communistic Military started Korean War in 1950.

With the support of Russian and Chinese Communistic Parties, North Vietnam Communistic Military started Vietnam War in 1955.  In 1975, the Fall of Saigon started the Vietnam refugees (boat people) drifting on the seas. 

6. "Taiwan's Political and Economic Miracle" "Asia's Four Little Dragons" (1949- 1975)

During his ROC Presidency, he implemented Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s "Three People's Principles" and created “Taiwan's Political and Economic Miracle." 

Chiang selected talented statesmen to launch policies and improved education, economy, politics, culture and transportation, etc.  Chiang started 12-year basic education for all children, land reform for farmers, created special economic and export zones, etc.  Within 20 years, Republic of China in Taiwan manifested tremendous achievements.

7. Chiang Kai-shek passed away on 4/5/1975 in Taiwan.

Chiang served as President of the Republic of China, President of the Chinese Nationalist Party, and President of the Huang-Pu Military Academy.

Throughout his life, Chiang followed Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s doctrines, ROC’s Founding Father, sacrificed and devoted all his life to China, Taiwan, Asian, and the World.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Landmarks of Chiang Kai-Shek’s Life

October 31, 1887 - Born in Zhejiang Province, Fenghua County, China

Youth (before 20 years old) --The first phase of the National Army Accelerated School in Baoding

1907 (20 years old)--Join the China Alliance

1908 (21 years old)--Awarded to enter Japan Zhenwu Military Academy

1914 (27 years old)--Join China Revolutionary Party founded by Dr. Sun Yat-Sen, in 1914 in Tokyo, Japan. It was reorganized as the Chinese Nationalist Party on October 10, 1919

1917 (30 years old)--The establishment of Bei-Yang Government. Yuan Shi-Kai was self-declared as an Emperor in 1912-1917.

1924 (37 years old)—Establishing and creating the first Chinese military school,  Huang-Pu Military Academy, served as the first principal.

July 1926 (39 years old) –Served as the Commander-in-Chief and led the National Revolutionary Army to the Northern Expedition

June 1928 (41 years old) - Led the Huang-Pu Military Academy to successfully defeated the Bei-Yang Government (overthrown the Emperor Yuan).  Unification of China. President of the Republic of China

October 1930 (43 years old) - Baptized as a Christian

1937-1945 (50-58 years old)--Victory of 8-year-long Sino-Japan War.  

1938-1975 - President of the Chinese Nationalist Party

1945—China and Asia Commander-in-Chief and received Japanese unconditional surrender in August 15, 1945.  Taiwan, Peng-Hu under 50-year-long colonization of Japan were returned back to Republic of China.

1945-1949 (58-62 years old)--Civil War occurred, the Chinese People's Liberation Army supported by Russia and led by Mao occupied mainland China

1949 (62 years old)—Defeated Chinese Communistic 10,000 Military invasion unto Kinmen.  Chiang defended and protected ROC successfully.

1958-1979 (71 years-death)—Defeated Chinese Communistic non-stop bombardment unto Kinmen starting August 23, 1958 and ended in 1979. 

Chiang defended and protected ROC until his death in 1975.

1979 (4 years after Chiang’s death)—Chinese Communistic Party established diplomatic relationship with USA and stopped the bombardment unto Kinmen, the frontline of ROC, a modern and democratic China.

1949-1975 (62-88 years old)-- Chiang and the government and people of the Republic of China retreated to Taiwan, Peng-Hu, Kinmen, Mazu islands in 1949.  Chiang built and created "Taiwan's Political and Economic Miracles" and "Asian Four Little Dragons"

April 5, 1975 - President Chiang Kai-Shek of the Republic of China died in Taiwan.      

Notes:

1910-1945—Korea was occupied by Japan

1945—Russia occupied north part of Korea.   USA occupied south part of Korea.

1950--Korean War broke

1953--North and South Korea left in a stalemate (DMZ) as today

1955--Vietnam War 

1975--The Fall of Saigon

________________ End of the Article __________________

Mega Trends Shaped Hong Kong Crisis: Political- Cultural-Economical Framework of the Last Two Centuries 

By Dr. Trudy Hu, 10/5/2019

http://insights.cermacademy.com/252-hong-kong-mega-trends-and-risks-dr-trudy/

Prelude:

Anchored in the center of the global stage, the million-protestor whirlwind in Hong Kong has caught the attention of the whole world and became a hot topic and news for heated discussion and debates since the Spring of 2019. Meanwhile two superpower nations, two rivaling economical giants in democratic and communistic camps, United States (USA) and People’s Republic China (PRC) have been simultaneously engaging a fierce trade wars for months since 2018. 

Where is Hong Kong?

Hong Kong is a small island located south of Guangdong Province in mainland China surrounded by South China Sea.

What Mega Trends Shaped the Modern Hong Kong?

Hong Kong people are ethnically and culturally Chinese descendants and the dialect is Cantonese.  Hong Kong was ruled by Qing Dynasty, and ancient Imperial China, for thousands of years before 1842. During the declining final stage of Qing Dynasty from 1840s to 1911, about 50 years, Britain occupied and ruled Hong Kong from 1841 to 1941 and 1945 to 1997, about 150 years. For more than 150 years, English has been its official language. Japan occupied Hong Kong from 1941 to 1945 during WWII. Under British reign, Hong Kong was governed under the Western democratic, legal and capitalistic system while China from mid-19th Century to end of 20th Century was undertaking a mega paradigm shift and chaotic era in political, social, cultural, military, and economical transformation. In order to understand the complexity of Hong Kong and the complicated shaping forces from the past to the present, the historical time line plays a crucial role in comprehending the political, cultural and economical framework of Hong Kong issues.     

Historical Time Line:

1839--First Opium War (Britain-China War): September 4, 1839 – August 29, 1842

1841--British Occupation: On 25 January 1841: Britain occupied Hong Kong and used it as British military staging point.

1842--British Colony: China (Qing Dynasty) was defeated by the British Empire in 1842 and Hong Kong was ceded in the Treaty of Nanking on August 29, 1842.  After Second Opium War (October 8, 1856 – October 24, 1860), Hong Kong was on a leasing for 99 years from 1898.   

1911--Republic of China: Republic of China (R.O.C.) was established on Oct. 10, 1911 founded by Dr. Sun Yat-Sen. Qing Dynasty became the final chapter of nearly 5000-year Chinese imperial political system. 

1941--World War II: The Japanese Empire occupied Hong Kong from 1941 to 1945.

1945--Victory of ROC Military Forces in WWII, Surrender of Japan: Hong Kong was liberated by ROC and British military joint forces. In 1945, Hong Kong was returned back to the rule of British Empire according to the 99-year lease in 1898.

1945--United Nations: United Nations was created and Republic of China won the WWII in Asia Theater and became a chapter member of 5 permanent members of Security Council on Oct. 24, 1945. All Japanese occupied islands, such as Taiwan and Pon-Hu, were returned back to ROC. Since Hong Kong was under the lease to Britain, it was returned back to Britain in 1945. 

1949--People’s Republic of China: People’s Republic of China (P.R.C.) was not established until Oct. 1, 1949 by Chinese Communism Party chaired by Mao Zedong.

1950--Korean War: Communism N. Korea invaded S. Korea June 25 1950-July 27 1953

1955--Vietnam War: Nov 1, 1955 to Apr 30, 1975. Vietnam was ruled by Communism Regime on April 30, 1975. Vietnamese refugees, boat people, were drifted on seas.

1971--ROC Withdrawn from United Nations: Henry Kissinger under Nixon’s administration arranged a secret trip in early 1971 with Zhou Enlai to fight Soviet. Nixon announced on July 15, 1971 that he would visit PRC from Feb. 21 to 28, in 1972. In Oct. 1971, President Chiang Kai-Shek withdrew from United Nations to safeguard the people of ROC and the integrity and identity of ROC democratic political system, even under the non-stop 21-year military bombardment of PRC from 1958 to 1979.

1971--PRC Replaced ROC in United Nations: On Oct. 25, 1971, United Nations under Nixon’s and Kissinger’s influences replaced ROC as a chapter member for 26 years with PRC.

1972--Nixon Visited PRC: Nixon visited the mainland China under the Communistic rule of PRC in 1972. Nixon resigned in 1974. USA and PRC established relation in 1979.

1979--Diplomatic Relations between USA and PRC: United States and the PRC announced on December 15, 1978, that the two governments would establish diplomatic relations on January 1, 1979.

1997--Hong Kong Returned back to PRC: The 99-year lease signed by Qing Dynasty in 1898 came to an end and Hong Kong returned back to PRC in 1997.

2019--Hong Kong Protest Under Communistic PRC Reign: The outbreak of Hong Kong Protest from March 31, 2019. It became more violent and caught the global attention since June 2019 until the present.

Transitional Stages:

Above Historical Time Line, also a Political-Cultural-Economical Framework, can be divided into the following stages for clear conceptualization of the current Hong Kong issues.

Stage I:

Initial External Traumatic Shock Wave (1830s to 1890s)--The Eastern Imperial Empire (Qing Dynasty) Cracking Down by the Western Imperial Empire (British Empire) for Opium Trade.

Stage II:

Internal Awakening Traumatic Shock Wave (1890s to 1911)--The Corrupted Imperial China (Qing Dynasty) Ended with Decade-Long Revolution and a Democratic China (Republic of China) Based on Dr. Sun’s Three People Principles was born in 1911. Hong Kong was under the 99-year lease to Britain while a democratic China was established.

Stage III:

External Traumatic Imperial War Shock Wave (1911-1945)-- Western Empires (Britain, France, Germany, Spain, Portugal, USA) started imperil competition wars and occupied China’s Coastal Provinces and island territories for commercial, and trade purposes. Soviet Communistic Empire occupied Mongolia and Northern China Provinces for future advancement. Japanese Empire occupied three richest Northeastern Provinces in mainland China, Taiwan Island, and Pon-Hu Island, etc. The motivation of Japanese Empire and Soviet Union was to take advantage of the vulnerable democratic China during the emerging and fledgling beginning stage, inflicted more war trauma unto the struggling people/land, and further expanded military power and territory expansion. Hong Kong was British colony during this period except1941 to 1945 which was occupied by Japan.

Stage IV:

Domestic Traumatic Shock Wave among War Lords (1911-1928)—Constant regional and provincial wars among Chinese war lords. Hong Kong was British colony during this period.

Stage V:

Traumatic Civil War and PRC-ROC Split Shock Wave (1945-1949)-- Republic of China won the victory of WWII and Sino-Japan War in 1945, while Chinese Communism Party was facilitated by Soviet Union (a communistic empire) from 1930s to 1945, while ROC was pre-occupied by the Sino-Japan War and WWII. Civil War broke from 1945 to 1949 between ROC and Chinese Communism Party led by Mao Zedong. On Oct. 1, 1949, People’s Republic of China was established while the government of Republic of China moved to Taiwan Province in 1949 and continued to execute democratic Three People Principles established by Dr. Sun Yat-sen in 1911. Hong Kong was British colony after ROC won the victory in 1945 and during the 4-year Chinese Civil War period.

Stage VI:

Traumatic Communism Tidal Wave in Asia (1949-1975)-- Soviet Union used communistic PRC to trigger more wars in Korea (1950), Vietnam (1955), Cambodia, Lao, Southeast Asia, as well as the stronghold of the democratic China (ROC, Taiwan Province) for Communism military control in Asia. USA Introduced People’s Republic China (PRC) into United Nations in 1971. USA Recognized PRC as an Official Government of China in 1972.

Stage VII:

Political Reunion between Hong Kong and PRC (1997)—Hong Kong’s 99-year lease to Britain by Qing Dynasty from 1898 ended in 1997. United Nations and USA has beckoned communistic PRC as the legitimate government of China since 1972 so Hong Kong was returned back to PRC as communistic China’s territory in 1997.

Conclusion:

Trauma can be defined as an intense stressful event which changes an individual’s internal equilibrium, threatens a person’s survival, and arouses a sense of crisis, such as violence, robbery, sudden near-death accident, loss of a loved one, laid-off, divorce, financial bankruptcy, etc.  Traumatic experience sends shock waves to an individual’s brain and activates fight-or-flight cognitive, emotional and behavioral reactions. So-called normal rational cognitive process and executive planning are interrupted and bypassed, replaced by a hyper vigilant mental state in preparation of fight or run for life. 

If Hong Kong can be compared as a young child, this child has witnessed and suffered from 200-year endless traumas from intrusive wars, drug trade, bombing, killing, destruction, loss of home, loss of parents, abandonment, British foster parenting, adjusting to foster parents’ language and ideology, domestic violence, divorce, famine, refugees, immanent death threat, death tolls, etc. 

Hong Kong is a resilient and living historical encyclopedia/mixture of imperial China, British Empire, democratic China (ROC), or communistic China (PRC). 

Intellectual scholars and elite leaders should provide a political-cultural-economic framework and principles for Hong Kong citizens to recognize its unique history, issues, and develop a win-win roadmap for integration, mutual adjustment, or new international diplomatic alternatives. Hong Kong citizens need to discuss and face the political reality and start a healing and constructive negotiation process because violence is like a child throwing short-term temper tantrum without long-term legitimate resolution.

While scientists can send rockets into aerospace and explore Mars and unknown territories, how come human could not resolve political conflicts on a small island on earth?  Global experts or United Nations leaders should have extended humanistic helping hands and creating innovative diplomatic solutions regarding Hong Kong dilemma, or the historical tidal shock waves might impact the whole world.

History repeats itself.

The wheel of fortune or misfortune would keep on turning by future irresistible tidal waves.

"Only those who can see the invisible can do the impossible."

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Paying Tribute to the Long-Forgotten WWII Band of Brothers at Normandy Invasion--The 52nd Army of Republic of China     

By Dr. Trudy Hu, 3/29/2019

Prelude--Freedom Comes with a Huge Hidden Price

Numerous bloodiest war movies and the famous movie, “Saving Private Ryan”, depicted the darkest hours during the Normandy Invasion of WWII on June 6, 1944.  Countless documentaries praised glorious victory and achievement of Roosevelt (USA), Churchill (Britain) and Stalin (Russia) of the Allies, as well as the military leadership.  However, there was no mentioning of the contribution of Republic of China, President Chiang Kai-Shek, nor the fierce Chinese military force and their ultimate sacrifice, the 52nd Army, under President Chiang’s command and sent to be the front line warriors in Normandy Invasion, European Theater. 

After World War II, the establishment of the United Nations, Republic of China (China) has become one of the vital five founding countries in Security Council with veto power.  The world believes that China’s role in Security Council is nothing but charitable gesture and diplomatic tactics of Roosevelt or European leaders.  After the declassified document released by the Defense Department of United States 75 years later, it shed light into the sad silent buried truth about the bravest Band of Chinese Brothers whose blood and lives paved the way for American and European military forces to WWII victory. 

The veto power that Republic of China has obtained in the United Nation was hard-earned through the military glorious performance with a huge loss of lives.  Eventually the truth should be publicized to the world after 7 decades.  The 52nd Army should be acknowledged with well-deserved honor and respect.

European Theater Political Backdrop

In May 1943, while WWII has been going on for two years and Sino-Japan War for six years, after the Battle of Stalingrad, the Soviet Union played a crucial role in Eastern Europe Theater.  In Western Europe, Britain’s air force tended to have a better control over the Strait.  In this favorable situation, Churchill and Roosevelt met in Washington D.C., and discussed the issue of opening up the second battlefield in Western Europe.  At the dawn of victory, Roosevelt initiated the preliminary idea of ​​the United Nations, and proposed that the United States, Britain, Russia and China should be permanent members of Security Council with veto power.

Roosevelt’s proposal was strongly opposed by Churchill.  Churchill showed contempt to China and Chinese military capability due to the pride in British Empire and prejudice against China resulting from Britain’s Opium War with China, Qing Dynasty, a symbol of corrupted imperial China in 1890s.  Churchill’s Europe-centered arrogance blinded his vision and understanding of the unprecedented difficulty in China and Asia Theaters and the atrocity of Japanese military destruction.

Roosevelt proposed to Churchill to open up the second battlefield and allow the participation of President Chiang’s modernized Chinese army as a testing ground of China’s fighting power to undertake the standards and responsibilities of a permanent member of UN’s Security Council.  As a compromise, the two reached a consensus.

Mrs. Chiang, Mei-Ling Song, was visiting the United States for the first time, was informed of the agreement between Roosevelt and Churchill.  She was angry by Churchill’s ignorance but she envisioned the debuting of the democratic Republic of China into the global stage.

Forgotten World Leader and Discredited WWII Heroes—President

Chiang Kai-Shek and the 52nd Army of Republic of China

Under Japanese vicious bombardment in China and President Chiang’s army underwent tremendous pressure, Chiang still decided to dispatch the 52nd Army stationed in Yunnan Province (southwest China) to prepare for the upcoming European campaign, and instructed Song Mei-Ling to win enough equipment for the 52nd Army.  With Song Mei-Ling’s diplomatic negotiation skills, Roosevelt provided all possible assistance, the 52nd Army was transported to Oahu Island/Hawaii in the summer of 1943.

Led by the Commander Shir Wong, the 52nd Army was trained strictly by the US Marine Corp 1st Division for 6 months, and equipped with tanks, cannons, and other equipment. The 52nd Army endured the arduous physical training day and night which required them to score 10,000 meters within 18 minutes, or they would be mocked, humiliated and sent back to China.  In the subsequent sports competition, the 52nd Army overwhelmingly defeated their American Marine Corp coaches.

Overcoming all kinds of difficulties, the 52nd Army demonstrated marvelous stamina and outshone their counterparts in tactics, weapon training, and more.  During the military exercise in early 1944, the 52nd Army used one hour to conquer the beachhead stronghold by the Marine Corp 1st Division.  From then on, the Marine Corp did not look down upon the 52nd Army.  Young Chinese soldiers also won favorable respect and attention from young girls on Oahu Island.

In May 1944, a social party was held and the Commander Shir Wong deliberately to give his soldiers one more day off because those young soldiers might not be able to return back to their beautiful Oahu girlfriends.

On June 6, 1944, the fog shrouded the beaches of Normandy; after the shelling and bombing, the fierce landing battle began.   Actually, the Chinese 52nd Army, total 29,137 officers and soldiers, was the first group of soldiers as human shields in front of American, English, and other European soldiers in Normandy Invasion.  The Chinese 52nd Army was fighting with other ally military forces side by side.  The first soldier landed Normandy was Liu, Xiao-Bo, nickname as Big-Wooden-Club Liu.  He was the first casualty, too, and left the world with a smile and asked his 52nd Army brother to visit his mother in China for him before his last breath. 

Commander Wat-Long Lim led the Chinese soldiers and undertook the left-wing breakthrough.  Commander Yuep Shir led his soldiers tackled the most dangerous and difficult middle section.  Commander Lim Young achieved the right-wing breakthrough.

The middle part suffered a heavy blow under the gunfire of Germany force and the fires from bunkers like Devil’s tongue swallowed the 52nd Army soldiers’ lives.  The Deputy Commander, Chung-Go Sun, took the initiative to organize a team of ten people to carry out the attack. 

Under the cover of firepower, Commander Sun took the explosives bag and marched forward to the bunker.  Jumping up, holding up the explosives package, Commander Sun shouted "for the Republic of China, advance."  After an explosion, the unbreakable roadblock in the middle was finally opened up, and the 52nd Army successfully occupied the beachhead.  The left-wing breakthrough also established a temporary position at the expense of more than 5,000 Chinese soldiers’ lives, including the life of Commander Wat-Long Lim.  Deputy Commander Buk-Yee Shar became Lim’s replacement.

Millions of ally soldiers were landed safely through Normandy beachhead that successfully broke through, established and guarded by the Chinese 52nd Army.  The 52nd Army’s great work and sacrifice laid a successful victory for European allies and the final Germany’s defeat and surrender.  After a short break, due to another war outbreak with Japanese in the Central China Theater (Henan, Hunan, Guangxi provinces), the 52nd Army was urgently transferred back to China, leaving behind the regret of not being able to conquer Berlin.  

Churchill was convinced by the 52nd Army’s contribution in Normandy Invasion and China earned the veto power in the Security Council of the United Nations not through political stunts but Chinese soldiers’ precious lives.

After Roosevelt’s death, Vice President Harry Truman became US president.  Truman was pressuring President Chiang to compromise with Chinese Communism Party and Military Force.  Truman believed in Communists’ negative and falsely manufactured propaganda smearing against President Chiang and shameful defeats of Chiang’s military.  Truman became biased, displeased with President Chiang, his military and the outcome of China’s Civil War.  Later on, Truman ordered to erase all public records related to the glorious achievements and sacrifices of the Chinese 52nd Army in Normandy in 1944 and transferred the war merits to the US Marine Corp 1st Division as a punishment to President Chiang and ROC.  Later on, Truman erased the WWII historical records and plagiarized the merits and credits of those forgotten Chinese Band of Brothers. 

Remembering Forgotten Band of Brothers—Chinese 52nd Army

The Chinese 52nd Army consisted of total 29,137 officers and soldiers.  On June 6, 1944, this Chinese Band of Brothers eliminated 47,451 enemies at Normandy Beachhead which was astonishing war record.  However, Normandy Invasion victory came with a tremendous price, casualty of the 52nd Army; that was, 10,250 people killed and 9,527 people injured. 

Seventy-five years have passed; WWII veterans have vanished.  The world has forgotten the Chinese 52nd Army.  Security Council of the United Nations has forgotten and abandoned the Chinese 52nd Army as well as Republic of China.  

The sea waves of Normandy Beachhead have washed away the blood traces of the Chinese 52nd Army on June 6, 1944.  The western politicians had erased their bravery and ultimate contribution in European Theater’s victory and the glory of Republic of China in the establishment United Nations.  Normandy Monument has never recorded their names and courageous sacrifice.  But the Forgotten Band of Chinese Brothers would be inscribed into every Chinese descendant’s heart and recorded into the WWII war history textbooks globally.  The forgotten Chinese Band of Brothers in European battlefields has become the eternal wind and water which unconditionally nurture all lives on the Earth peacefully and silently.      

Reference:

Forgotten Ally?  China’s Unsung Role in World War II

https://edition.cnn.com/2015/08/31/opinions/china-wwii-forgotten-ally-rana-mitter/index.html                                                      

Is this diary the only Chinese eyewitness account of the D-day landings at Normandy? https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/education-community/article/1887383/diary-found-may-be-only-first-hand-account